---
title: "Most Expensive Fountain Pens (2027): Records vs Claims"
canonical: "https://stationerytimes.com/guides/most-expensive-fountain-pens/"
description: "The most expensive fountain pens ever: the US$8 million Tibaldi claim, Aurora, Montblanc and Caran d'Ache jewel pens, and the auction records we could verify."
category: "Pens"
type: "Fountain pen"
published: 2026-10-21
updated: 2026-10-21
author: "Ellis Penhale"
publisher: "Stationery Times"
sources: 19
products:
  - name: "Tibaldi Fulgor Nocturnus fountain pen"
    brand: "Tibaldi"
    brand_origin: "Italy"
    made_in: "Not stated"
    material: "Gold, 945 black diamonds and 123 rubies, 18K gold nib (as described by retailers; not confirmed by Tibaldi)"
    price_band: "$$$$ (over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count), typical US retail, October 2026)"
    manufacturer: "Tibaldi (Florence); the Aquila family, owners of Montegrappa, took control of Tibaldi in 2009"
  - name: "Aurora Diamante fountain pen"
    brand: "Aurora"
    brand_origin: "Italy"
    made_in: "Italy"
    material: "Platinum (or burnished gold with black diamonds), 1,919 De Beers-certified diamonds totalling 30 carats, 18K rhodium-plated gold nib"
    price_band: "$$$$ (over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count), typical US retail, October 2026)"
    manufacturer: "Aurora (Turin)"
  - name: "Montblanc Bohème Royal Black & White fountain pen"
    brand: "Montblanc"
    brand_origin: "Germany"
    made_in: "Not stated"
    material: "White gold set with 1,430 white and treated black diamonds, retractable platinum-coated 18K gold nib (per a Montblanc UAE store listing, reference MB36011)"
    price_band: "$$$$ (over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count), typical US retail, October 2026)"
    model: "MB36011"
  - name: "Caran d'Ache 1010 Diamonds fountain pen"
    brand: "Caran d'Ache"
    brand_origin: "Switzerland"
    made_in: "Switzerland"
    material: "White gold set with more than 850 diamonds, 18K rhodium-plated gold nib"
    released: "2011"
    price_band: "$$$$ (over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count), typical US retail, October 2026)"
    manufacturer: "Caran d'Ache (Geneva)"
  - name: "Montblanc and Van Cleef & Arpels Mystery Masterpiece fountain pen"
    brand: "Montblanc"
    brand_origin: "Germany"
    made_in: "Not stated"
    material: "Precious metal set with diamonds and rubies, sapphires or emeralds in Van Cleef & Arpels' Mystery Setting; the ruby edition (MB102112) is listed with about 11.7 ct of diamonds and 11.43 ct of rubies"
    released: "2007"
    price_band: "$$$$ (over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count), typical US retail, October 2026)"
    manufacturer: "Montblanc with Van Cleef & Arpels"
  - name: "Dunhill-Namiki Golden Tiger and Black Cat Emperor-size maki-e fountain pens (pair, early 1930s)"
    brand: "Namiki (sold by Dunhill)"
    brand_origin: "Japan"
    made_in: "Japan"
    material: "Lacquer with maki-e decoration"
    price_band: "$$$$ (over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count), typical US retail, October 2026)"
    manufacturer: "Namiki, for Alfred Dunhill Ltd.; signed by the lacquer artists Haruo and Mansui"
  - name: "Dunhill-Namiki 'Giant' double-dragon maki-e fountain pen by Shogo (c. 1928)"
    brand: "Namiki (sold by Dunhill)"
    brand_origin: "Japan"
    made_in: "Japan"
    material: "Lacquer with maki-e decoration of two dragons"
    price_band: "$$$$ (over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count), typical US retail, October 2026)"
    manufacturer: "Namiki, for Alfred Dunhill Ltd.; signed by the lacquer artist Shogo"
  - name: "Caran d'Ache La Modernista Diamonds fountain pen"
    brand: "Caran d'Ache"
    brand_origin: "Switzerland"
    made_in: "Switzerland"
    material: "Rhodium-coated solid silver, 5,072 diamonds (20 carats) and 96 half-cut rubies, 18K gold nib"
    released: "1999"
    price_band: "$$$$ (over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count), typical US retail, October 2026)"
    manufacturer: "Caran d'Ache (Geneva); stones set by the Swiss jeweller Robert Perron"
  - name: "Montegrappa Dragon (2005), 18K gold and diamonds fountain pen"
    brand: "Montegrappa"
    brand_origin: "Italy"
    made_in: "Not stated"
    material: "Black marbled celluloid with an 18K gold dragon overlay (106 g of gold) set with 590 diamonds (6.95 ct) and ruby eyes; 18K two-tone gold nib"
    released: "2005"
    price_band: "$$$$ (over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count), typical US retail, October 2026)"
  - name: "Parker No. 60 'Aztec' fountain pen (c. 1911)"
    brand: "Parker"
    brand_origin: "United States"
    made_in: "Not stated"
    price_band: "$$$$ (over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count), typical US retail, October 2026)"
---

# Most Expensive Fountain Pens (2027): Records vs Claims

> The Tibaldi Fulgor Nocturnus is usually called the world's most expensive fountain pen, said to have sold for US$8 million in Shanghai in 2010, but we found no record that confirms the sale. The highest auction result we could verify is US$305,000 for a pair of Dunhill-Namiki maki-e pens at Bonhams in 2015.

- URL: https://stationerytimes.com/guides/most-expensive-fountain-pens/
- Category: Pens
- Author: Ellis Penhale
- Published: 2026-10-21
- Updated: 2026-10-21

![Drawing in proportion of eight of the most expensive fountain pens, closed and standing: Tibaldi Fulgor Nocturnus, Aurora Diamante, Montblanc Bohème Royal, Caran d'Ache 1010 Diamonds, Montblanc Mystery Masterpiece, a Dunhill-Namiki Emperor maki-e pen, Caran d'Ache La Modernista and Montegrappa Dragon](https://stationerytimes.com/images/raster/most-expensive-fountain-pens-16x9.png)

*Eight of the pens, drawn in proportion with stylized gem-setting; no lengths are published in our sources.* Original drawing (SVG): https://stationerytimes.com/images/most-expensive-fountain-pens-cover.svg. Drawings © 2026 Stationery Times, reusable with credit under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

## Product facts

| Product | Brand | Brand origin | Made in | Material | Released | Price range (typical US retail, October 2026) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tibaldi Fulgor Nocturnus fountain pen | Tibaldi (by Tibaldi (Florence); the Aquila family, owners of Montegrappa, took control of Tibaldi in 2009) | Italy | Not stated | Gold, 945 black diamonds and 123 rubies, 18K gold nib (as described by retailers; not confirmed by Tibaldi) | – | $$$$: over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count) |
| Aurora Diamante fountain pen | Aurora (by Aurora (Turin)) | Italy | Italy | Platinum (or burnished gold with black diamonds), 1,919 De Beers-certified diamonds totalling 30 carats, 18K rhodium-plated gold nib | – | $$$$: over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count) |
| Montblanc Bohème Royal Black & White fountain pen | Montblanc | Germany | Not stated | White gold set with 1,430 white and treated black diamonds, retractable platinum-coated 18K gold nib (per a Montblanc UAE store listing, reference MB36011) | – | $$$$: over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count) |
| Caran d'Ache 1010 Diamonds fountain pen | Caran d'Ache (by Caran d'Ache (Geneva)) | Switzerland | Switzerland | White gold set with more than 850 diamonds, 18K rhodium-plated gold nib | 2011 | $$$$: over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count) |
| Montblanc and Van Cleef & Arpels Mystery Masterpiece fountain pen | Montblanc (by Montblanc with Van Cleef & Arpels) | Germany | Not stated | Precious metal set with diamonds and rubies, sapphires or emeralds in Van Cleef & Arpels' Mystery Setting; the ruby edition (MB102112) is listed with about 11.7 ct of diamonds and 11.43 ct of rubies | 2007 | $$$$: over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count) |
| Dunhill-Namiki Golden Tiger and Black Cat Emperor-size maki-e fountain pens (pair, early 1930s) | Namiki (sold by Dunhill) (by Namiki, for Alfred Dunhill Ltd.; signed by the lacquer artists Haruo and Mansui) | Japan | Japan | Lacquer with maki-e decoration | – | $$$$: over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count) |
| Dunhill-Namiki 'Giant' double-dragon maki-e fountain pen by Shogo (c. 1928) | Namiki (sold by Dunhill) (by Namiki, for Alfred Dunhill Ltd.; signed by the lacquer artist Shogo) | Japan | Japan | Lacquer with maki-e decoration of two dragons | – | $$$$: over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count) |
| Caran d'Ache La Modernista Diamonds fountain pen | Caran d'Ache (by Caran d'Ache (Geneva); stones set by the Swiss jeweller Robert Perron) | Switzerland | Switzerland | Rhodium-coated solid silver, 5,072 diamonds (20 carats) and 96 half-cut rubies, 18K gold nib | 1999 | $$$$: over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count) |
| Montegrappa Dragon (2005), 18K gold and diamonds fountain pen | Montegrappa | Italy | Not stated | Black marbled celluloid with an 18K gold dragon overlay (106 g of gold) set with 590 diamonds (6.95 ct) and ruby eyes; 18K two-tone gold nib | 2005 | $$$$: over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count) |
| Parker No. 60 'Aztec' fountain pen (c. 1911) | Parker | United States | Not stated | – | – | $$$$: over $75 per pen (multi-packs divided by the count) |

- Made in (Tibaldi Fulgor Nocturnus fountain pen): Not stated. Retailer and press descriptions call Tibaldi a Florentine maker, but none of the sources we read says where this one-off pen was made, and we found no Tibaldi page for it.
- Made in (Aurora Diamante fountain pen): Italy. VO+ says the 18K rhodium-plated gold nib is made entirely inside Aurora's Turin manufactory and stamped with the 5TO hallmark; SCMP says the pens are handcrafted in Turin. Source: https://www.vo-plus.com/it/news/Aurora-Firma-La-Penna-Pi%C3%B9-Preziosa-Al-Mondo%20/amp
- Made in (Montblanc Bohème Royal Black & White fountain pen): Not stated. The Montblanc store listing we found in search results doesn't state a country of manufacture, and we couldn't open the page itself.
- Made in (Caran d'Ache 1010 Diamonds fountain pen): Switzerland. Caran d'Ache's April 2011 press text presents the pen as the work of its Geneva jewellers, goldsmiths and craftsmen. Source: https://cijintl.com/in-the-press/caran-d-ache-1010-diamonds-a-masterpiece-of-light.html
- Made in (Montblanc and Van Cleef & Arpels Mystery Masterpiece fountain pen): Not stated. None of the sources we read states where the nine pens were made.
- Made in (Dunhill-Namiki Golden Tiger and Black Cat Emperor-size maki-e fountain pens (pair, early 1930s)): Japan. Bonhams describes Japanese maki-e lacquer pens signed by the artists Haruo and Mansui; the pair was commissioned by the composer Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji. Source: https://www.bonhams.com/auction/22406/lot/1126/dunhill-namiki-golden-tiger-and-black-cat-a-grade-maki-e-fountain-pens-emperor-size-commissioned-by-kaikhosru-shapurji-sorabji-signed-by-haruo-and-mansui-early-1930s
- Made in (Dunhill-Namiki 'Giant' double-dragon maki-e fountain pen by Shogo (c. 1928)): Japan. Judd Tully describes a maki-e lacquer pen signed by the Japanese artist Shogo. Source: https://juddtully.net/articles/auctions-getting-the-point/
- Made in (Caran d'Ache La Modernista Diamonds fountain pen): Switzerland. Guinness World Records names Caran d'Ache, Geneva, as maker and a Swiss jeweller as the setter. Source: https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/62606-most-expensive-pen
- Made in (Montegrappa Dragon (2005), 18K gold and diamonds fountain pen): Not stated. The Bonhams sale text we read doesn't state where the pens were made.
- Made in (Parker No. 60 'Aztec' fountain pen (c. 1911)): Not stated. The auction report we read doesn't state where this pen was made. Parker was founded in Janesville, Wisconsin, in 1888.

## Key takeaways

- The US$8 million Tibaldi Fulgor Nocturnus sale is repeated by retailers and listicles, which give the year as 2010 or 2020; we found no auction-house record, contemporary report or Tibaldi statement.
- Guinness World Records still lists Caran d'Ache's La Modernista Diamonds as the most expensive pen: £169,000 (about US$223,000) at Harrods from September to December 1999, and unsold.
- Bonhams sold a pair of early-1930s Dunhill-Namiki Emperor-size maki-e pens for US$305,000 including premium in June 2015, the highest pen auction result we could confirm.
- Montegrappa's 2005 Dragon in gold and diamonds had a recommended retail price of US$80,000+; at Bonhams in 2014 the artist's proofs were estimated at US$35,000–70,000.
- A framed set of 50 Kennedy and Johnson bill-signing pens sold for US$68,750 at Heritage on November 1–2, 2024.

## What is the most expensive fountain pen in the world?

**The pen usually named the world's most expensive is the Tibaldi Fulgor Nocturnus, said to have sold for US$8 million at a charity auction in Shanghai, but we found no auction record, contemporary report or Tibaldi statement that confirms the sale.** The highest auction result we could verify is US$305,000, and Guinness World Records still gives its "most expensive pen" title to a 1999 Caran d'Ache. We haven't handled any of these pens; every figure below is attributed.

1. **Tibaldi Fulgor Nocturnus** (Italy). Retailers such as Goldspot say it sold for US$8 million in Shanghai, with 945 black diamonds and 123 rubies. The year is given as 2010 or 2020 and no auction house or buyer is named, so we treat it as an **unverified claim**.
2. **Montblanc Bohème Royal Black & White.** Listicles quote US$1.5 million; a Montblanc UAE store listing for reference MB36011, with 1,430 diamonds, shows AED 676,000 (about US$184,000 at the dirham's fixed rate). The two figures conflict, and only the second comes from Montblanc.
3. **Aurora Diamante** (Turin). The South China Morning Post put it at about US$1.47 million in August 2022, set with 1,919 De Beers diamonds (30 carats) on platinum. Aurora publishes no price, so this is a **press estimate**.
4. **Caran d'Ache 1010 Diamonds** (Geneva, 2011). A unique white-gold pen with more than 850 diamonds, per Caran d'Ache's press text; the "US$1 million" figure comes from retailer blogs, not the maker.
5. **Montblanc and Van Cleef & Arpels Mystery Masterpiece** (2007). Nine pens, three each with rubies, sapphires or emeralds; reported at €558,000 (about US$625,000) in Germany's Bunte magazine and at about US$730,000 in US coverage. A **reported list price**.
6. **Dunhill-Namiki Golden Tiger and Black Cat** (early 1930s). A pair of Emperor-size maki-e pens commissioned by the composer Kaikhosru Sorabji, sold at Bonhams in June 2015 for US$305,000 including premium. A **verified auction result**, and the highest we found.
7. **Dunhill-Namiki "Giant" double dragon by Shogo** (c. 1928). Sold at Bonhams & Brooks, London, in December 2000 for US$264,588, against an estimate of US$89,180–216,900, per Judd Tully. A **verified auction result**.
8. **Caran d'Ache La Modernista Diamonds** (1999). Guinness World Records lists it at £169,000 (about US$223,000 today; Guinness gave US$265,000) at Harrods, with 5,072 diamonds and 96 rubies. A **list price**: Guinness says it stayed unsold.
9. **Montegrappa Dragon, 18K gold and diamonds** (2005). An edition of 10 with 590 diamonds, at a recommended retail price of US$80,000+, per Montegrappa's 2014 Bonhams sale text. A **maker list price**.
10. **Parker No. 60 "Aztec"** (c. 1911). Sold at Bonhams in January 2000 for US$88,320, above its US$40,000–48,000 estimate. A **verified auction result** for a historic pen.

## How do the ten compare?

**The table separates three kinds of figure: verified auction results, list prices from a maker or record body, and claims we couldn't verify.** All ten are in our $$$$ band (over $75).

| Pen | Year | Headline figure | What the figure is | Source type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tibaldi Fulgor Nocturnus | 2010 (claimed) | US$8 million | Claimed auction sale, unverified | Retailer blogs, listicles |
| Montblanc Bohème Royal | Not found | AED 676,000 (about US$184,000); "US$1.5 million" | Maker listing vs press figure | Montblanc UAE store; listicles |
| Aurora Diamante | Not found | About US$1.47 million | Press estimate | SCMP, 2022 |
| Caran d'Ache 1010 Diamonds | 2011 | About US$1 million | Retailer estimate | Goldspot blog |
| Mystery Masterpiece | 2007 | €558,000 (about US$625,000) | Reported list price | Bunte (via fountainpen.de) |
| Dunhill-Namiki Tiger and Cat | Early 1930s | US$305,000 | Auction, June 2015 | Bonhams |
| Dunhill-Namiki "Giant" | c. 1928 | US$264,588 | Auction, December 2000 | Bonhams & Brooks (Judd Tully) |
| La Modernista Diamonds | 1999 | £169,000 (about US$223,000) | Retail asking price, unsold | Guinness World Records |
| Montegrappa Dragon (gold, diamonds) | 2005 | US$80,000+ | Maker recommended retail | Montegrappa via CIJ |
| Parker No. 60 "Aztec" | c. 1911 | US$88,320 | Auction, January 2000 | Bonhams (Judd Tully) |

Older auction results are in the money of their day, not adjusted for inflation.


## Why do fountain pens cost that much?

**At the top of the market the price is mostly jewellery, not pen.** Caran d'Ache describes cutting 44 different baguette shapes for the 1010 Diamonds, and Guinness says La Modernista's 5,168 stones took six months from conception to completion.

Historic pens are priced like art instead. The Dunhill-Namiki records are for maki-e lacquer signed by named artists, and Bonhams notes that only about 15 vintage Emperor-size balance pens are known. Our [vintage fountain pens guide](https://stationerytimes.com/guides/vintage-fountain-pens/) and [collectible pens guide](https://stationerytimes.com/guides/collectible-pens/) cover the more affordable end of that market.

## Are expensive pens a good investment?

**New jewelled pens have not been shown to hold their price, while rare historic pens in top condition have set records.** Montegrappa's 2005 Dragon cost US$80,000+ new, yet Bonhams estimated its artist's proofs at US$35,000–70,000 nine years later.

Condition drives the rest. Bonhams' pen specialist Alexander Crum Ewing told Judd Tully in 2001 that pens in the best condition rise fastest in a rising market, while worn ones "sink like a stone" when it falls. Pens made in small numbers and then dropped, covered in our [discontinued pens guide](https://stationerytimes.com/guides/discontinued-pens/), behave more like the vintage market than like jewelled editions.

## What is the most expensive pen you can buy new today?

**No maker publishes a current price for its million-dollar pieces, so there's no verifiable answer.** One-off jewel pens such as the Aurora Diamante and the 1010 Diamonds are sold by private arrangement.

The Montblanc UAE listing for the Bohème Royal Black & White was marked unavailable when search engines indexed it. Among regular catalogue pens, Namiki's Emperor maki-e models sell at US dealers such as Dromgoole's for five-figure prices. For pens you'd actually write with, see our [best pens of all time](https://stationerytimes.com/guides/best-pens-of-all-time/).

## How do you verify a high-end pen is authentic?

**Buy through the maker's boutiques, an authorised dealer or a major auction house, and insist on the paperwork that ties the pen to its edition.** Limited editions are individually numbered, and auction houses publish provenance, as Bonhams did for the Sorabji pens.

The German collector site fountainpen.de keeps photo comparisons of genuine and counterfeit Montblanc pens and warns that fakes regularly sell on eBay and dubious web shops. For a six-figure purchase, ask the maker to confirm the serial number before you pay.

## What about pens used to sign treaties and laws?

**Historic signing pens sell for far less than jewelled pens.** Heritage sold a framed collection of 50 bill-signing pens used by Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, including for the 1964 Civil Rights Act, for US$68,750 in November 2024.

## Frequently asked questions

### What is the most expensive pen ever sold?

The Tibaldi Fulgor Nocturnus is widely said to have sold for US$8 million at a Shanghai charity auction, but no auction record or contemporary report confirms it. The highest pen sale we could verify is US$305,000 for a pair of Dunhill-Namiki maki-e pens at Bonhams in June 2015.

### Is the Fulgor Nocturnus really worth US$8 million?

Nobody has shown that it is. The figure appears in retailer blogs and listicles that give different years (2010 or 2020) and never name the auction house or buyer, and Guinness World Records doesn't list it.

### What does Guinness say is the most expensive pen?

Guinness World Records lists Caran d'Ache's La Modernista Diamonds, priced at £169,000 (about US$223,000) at Harrods from September to December 1999. Guinness says the one-off pen remained unsold.

### How much is the most expensive Montblanc?

The Montblanc and Van Cleef & Arpels Mystery Masterpiece of 2007 was reported at €558,000 (about US$625,000) in Germany and about US$730,000 in US coverage. A Montblanc UAE listing for the Bohème Royal Black & White shows AED 676,000, about US$184,000, far below the US$1.5 million often quoted.

### Are Namiki pens the most expensive Japanese pens?

Vintage Dunhill-Namiki maki-e pens hold the highest auction results we found, up to US$305,000 for a pair in 2015. New Namiki Emperor maki-e pens sell at US dealers in the $$$$ band, at five-figure prices.

### Do diamond pens hold their value?

Not reliably. Montegrappa's 2005 gold-and-diamond Dragon had a recommended retail price of US$80,000+, but Bonhams estimated its artist's proofs at US$35,000–70,000 in 2014.

### How much do pens used to sign famous laws sell for?

Far less than jewelled pens. Heritage sold a framed set of 50 Kennedy and Johnson bill-signing pens, including pens from the 1964 Civil Rights Act, for US$68,750 in November 2024.

## Sources

- [Guinness World Records: Most expensive pen (La Modernista Diamonds, Harrods, 1999)](https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/62606-most-expensive-pen)
- [Caran d'Ache press text via CIJ: 1010 Diamonds, a masterpiece of light (April 2011)](https://cijintl.com/in-the-press/caran-d-ache-1010-diamonds-a-masterpiece-of-light.html)
- [Montegrappa press text via CIJ: Montegrappa Dragon lots at Bonhams (June 2014; 2005 retail price and estimates)](https://www.cijintl.com/in-the-press/montegrappa-bonhams-auction.html)
- [Montblanc UAE store: Bohème Royal Black & White Fountain Pen, MB36011 (seen in search results; page not reachable)](https://bhdb-025.dx.commercecloud.salesforce.com/s/MontblancUAE/ar-ae/boh%C3%A8me-royal-black-and-white-fountain-pen-MB36011.html)
- [Montblanc UAE store: Mystery Masterpiece Ruby Limited Edition 3 Fountain Pen, MB102112 (seen in search results)](https://bhdb-025.dx.commercecloud.salesforce.com/s/MontblancUAE/ar-ae/mystery-masterpiece-ruby-limited-edition-3-fountain-pen-MB102112.html)
- [Bonhams: Dunhill-Namiki Golden Tiger and Black Cat A-grade maki-e fountain pens, Emperor size (lot 1126)](https://www.bonhams.com/auction/22406/lot/1126/dunhill-namiki-golden-tiger-and-black-cat-a-grade-maki-e-fountain-pens-emperor-size-commissioned-by-kaikhosru-shapurji-sorabji-signed-by-haruo-and-mansui-early-1930s)
- [ThinkAdvisor: Value of collectible pens rise, even as handwriting fades (August 17, 2015)](https://www.thinkadvisor.com/2015/08/17/value-of-collectible-pens-rise-even-as-handwriting-fades/)
- [Judd Tully: Auctions—Getting the Point (March 1, 2001; Dunhill-Namiki Giant and Parker Aztec results)](https://juddtully.net/articles/auctions-getting-the-point/)
- [Antiques and The Arts Weekly: Pen collection inks more than $68,000 for Heritage (November 4, 2024)](https://antiquesandthearts.com/pen-collection-inks-more-than-68000-for-heritage/)
- [fountainpen.de FAQ: Which Montblanc fountain pen is regarded as the most expensive? (March 2007 discussion)](https://www.fountainpen.de/faq-en/f5537e-which-montblanc-fountain-pen-is-regarded-as-the-most.htm)
- [fountainpen.de: Montblanc counterfeits, replicas and fakes](https://www.fountainpen.de/fakes-en.htm)
- [VO+: Aurora firma la penna più preziosa al mondo (Aurora Diamante, 1,919 diamonds)](https://www.vo-plus.com/it/news/Aurora-Firma-La-Penna-Pi%C3%B9-Preziosa-Al-Mondo%20/amp)
- [South China Morning Post: Yes, the Aurora Diamante fountain pen costs US$1.47 million (August 1, 2022)](https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/luxury/article/3187292/yes-aurora-diamante-fountain-pen-costs-us147-million-heres)
- [Goldspot Pens: Most expensive pens in the world (retailer blog repeating the Tibaldi, Caran d'Ache and Bohème Royal figures)](https://goldspot.com/blogs/magazine/most-expensive-pens)
- [Haute Living: Montblanc and Van Cleef & Arpels (2007)](https://hauteliving.com/2007/08/montblanc-vancleef-arpels/820/)
- [Money Inc: The Montblanc and Van Cleef & Arpels Mystery Masterpiece](https://moneyinc.com/montblanc-and-van-cleef-arpels-mystery-masterpiece/)
- [Money Inc: The Fulgor Nocturnus by Tibaldi](https://moneyinc.com/fulgor-nocturnus-by-tibaldi/)
- [Setdart: Tibaldi auction lot (Aquila family took control of Tibaldi in 2009)](https://www.setdart.com/subasta/displayimage/plumas-estilograficas/pid=351417056/newlang=english.html)
- [Dromgoole's: Pilot Namiki Emperor maki-e fountain pens (US dealer listings)](https://www.dromgooles.com/collections/namiki)